The essential guide to timber staining

Timber staining can transform ordinary wood into something stunning, enhancing its natural grain and providing long-lasting protection. Whether you’re refreshing old furniture or staining a new deck, knowing the right techniques and stained timber products to use will make all the difference.

This guide breaks down everything from sanding and priming to choosing the perfect finish for your project.

Do I need to sand it first?

If you’re working with brand new hardwood such as jarrah or walnut, you’ll need to sand it back first, but if the timber is soft (for example, pine) then using a primer will do. However, painted and pre-loved timber will always require sanding the surface.

Stain versus tint – what’s the difference?

As the name suggests, a tint will give a lighter covering than a stain, but both will bring out the grain in the wood. If you want the stain to be darker still, leave it overnight before wiping off as this allows the colour to seep deeper into the wood.

Oil-based versus water-based

If you’re staining exterior timber, like decking or outdoor furniture, use oil every time – it takes longer to dry (which means you get a more even coverage) but it offers a protective coating which you’ll need for the harsh Aussie sun.

Water-based stains maintain colour quality for longer, dry more quickly and can be used over the top of an oil-based coat. These stains work best on interior timber.

Limewash versus clear stain

Limewash is perfect for that shabby-chic look. It brings out the grain pattern of the wood and provides a lovely softened look to light-coloured timber; it doesn’t really work on darker hardwoods though. For those you’ll want a clear stain or timber oil. These work to bring out the grain as well and can also be used on softwoods such as cedar or cypress.

Once the area is prepared, you’re ready to start. In short strokes, and with a good quality brush, apply the stain or oil until the entire piece (or floor) is covered.

Leave the stain to penetrate the wood according to product instructions (brands may differ). Once the coat is dry, wipe thoroughly with a clean, dry cloth. You may want to add a second coat, but if not, then simply finish with a clear top coat or varnish and allow to dry for a minimum of 12 hours.

Timber staining is easy: it just requires minimal preparation and adequate time for drying. When you’ve mastered the art of staining, you might consider taking your renovations to the next level by creating some new storage solutions for your home!